目次

PREFACE

PART 1: ADAPTATION TO WINTER IN NORTHERN CITIES
Chapter 1 Purpose of Research and Method of Fieldworks
Chapter 2 Human Adaptation to Winter in Japan
Chapter 3 Human Adaptation to Winter in Canada
Chapter 4 Human Adaptation to Winter in Finland
Chapter 5 Human Adaptation to Winter in Russia
Chapter 6 Human Adaptation to Winter in China
Chapter 7 Current Situation of Adaptation to Winter in Northern Cities

PART 2: CREATION OF BETTER OPEN SPACES IN COLD REGIONS
Chapter 1 Areas of Research and Methods of Development
Chapter 2 Design for Public Spaces for Children and aelderly
・Urban‘Place making’： managing the enjoyment of winter
・Universal Design in Northern Regions, and Planning for Aging in Place：environmental planning to promote seniors’outings
・Environmental Design that Encourages Outing: supporting independent lives of seniors and the disabled
・Outdoor Pleasure and Mutual Treasure
　 ・Events of a Cold Season in Hokkaido
Chapter 3 Creation of Climate Comfort for Communities
・Creating Climatic Comfort in Public Space
　 ・A Study on Comfortable Urban Street Design with the Snow Simulations for Winter Cities
・How children in Finland Play Outdoors in Winter
　 ・How Children in Northeast Area of China Play Outdoors in Winter
Chapter 4 Conditions of Children's Playgrounds
・Playgrounds in Kindergartens, Schools and Residential Areas
　 ・The Environment of Children's Play in Northern Areas in Japan
・Open Spaces Considered by Children's Adaptation to Winter in Cold Region
　 ・I Saw Life Style in winter in Norway
Chapter 5 Thinking How to Play in Parks in Winter
Chapter 6 Current Areas of Reseach and Suggested Ways Forward

CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFFERENCES